BOOK:
Whitlock,
M. C., and D. Schluter. 2009. The
Analysis of Biological Data. Roberts & Co. Publishers,
Greenwood Village, CO. 700pp.
PUBLICATIONS:
Whitlock,
M. C., and D. E. McCauley. 1990. Some population genetic consequences of colony
formation and extinction: Genetic correlations within founding groups. Evolution 44:1717-1724.
Whitlock,
M. C. 1992. Nonequilibrium population structure in forked fungus beetles:
Extinction, colonization, and the genetic variance among populations. The American Naturalist 139:952-970.
Whitlock,
M. C. 1992. Temporal fluctuations in demographic parameters and the genetic
variance among populations. Evolution
46:608-615.
Whitlock,
M. 1993. Lack of correlation between heterozygosity and fitness in forked
fungus beetles. Heredity
70:574-581.
Whitlock,
M. C., P. C. Phillips, and M. J. Wade. 1993. Gene interaction affects the
additive genetic variance in subdivided populations with migration and
extinction. Evolution
47:1758-1769.
Whitlock,
M. C. 1994. Fission and the genetic variance among populations: the changing
demography of forked fungus beetle populations. The American Naturalist 143:820-829.
Fowler,
K., and M. C. Whitlock. 1994. Fluctuating asymmetry does not increase with
moderate inbreeding in Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity 73:373-376.
Whitlock,
M. C., and M. J. Wade. 1995. Speciation: Founder events and their effects on
X-linked and autosomal genes. The
American Naturalist 145:676-685.
Whitlock,
M. C. 1995. Variance Induced Peak Shifts. Evolution
49:252-259.
Whitlock,
M. C. 1995. Two-locus drift with sex chromosomes: The partitioning and conversion
of variance in subdivided populations. Theoretical
Population Biology 48:44-64.
Whitlock,
M. C., P. C. Phillips, F. B. G. Moore, and S. Tonsor. 1995. Multiple Fitness
Peaks and Epistasis. Annual Review of
Ecology and Systematics 26:601-29.
Whitlock,
M. C. 1996. The Red Queen versus the Jack-of-All-Trades: Evolutionary rates and
the evolution of specialization. The
American Naturalist 148:S65-S77.
Whitlock,
M. C., and K. Fowler. 1996. The variance among populations in phenotypic
variance with inbreeding. Evolution
50:1919-1926.
Whitlock,
M. 1996. The heritability of fluctuating asymmetry and the genetic control of
developmental stability. Proceedings of
the Royal Society, Series B 263:849-853.
Barton, N.
H., and M. C. Whitlock. 1997. The evolution of metapopulations. pp. 183-210 in
I. Hanski and M. Gilpin, eds., Metapopulation
Biology: Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution. Academic Press.
Whitlock,
M. C., and K. Fowler. 1997. The instability of studies of instability. Journal of Evolutionary Biology
10:63-67.
Whitlock,
M. C., and N. H. Barton. 1997. The effective size of a subdivided population. Genetics 146:427-441.
Otto, S.
P., and M. C. Whitlock. 1997. Fixation of beneficial mutations in a population
of changing size. Genetics
146:723-733.
Whitlock,
M. C. 1997. Founder effects and peak shifts without genetic drift: Adaptive
peak shifts occur easily when environments fluctuate slightly. Evolution 51:1044-1048.
Whitlock,
M. 1998. The repeatability of fluctuating asymmetry: A revision and extension. The Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B.
265:1429-1431.
Rundle, H.
D., A. ¯. Mooers, and M. C. Whitlock. 1998. Single founder-flush events and the
evolution of reproductive isolation. Evolution
52: 1850-1855.
Whitlock,
M. C., and D. E. McCauley. 1999. Indirect measures of gene flow and migration:
FST doesn't equal 1/(4Nm+1). Heredity
82: 117-125.
Whitlock,
M. C., and K. Fowler. 1999. The changes in genetic and environmental variance
with inbreeding in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics
152:345-353.
Mooers, A.
Ø., H. D. Rundle, and M. C. Whitlock. 1999. The effects of selection and
bottlenecks on male mating success in peripheral isolates. American Naturalist 153: 437-444.
Fowler,
K., and M. C. Whitlock. 1999. The distribution of phenotypic variance with
inbreeding. Evolution
53:83-96.
Whitlock,
M. C., and P. C. Phillips. 1999. Genetic Drift. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences.
Rundle, H.
D., A. ¯. Mooers, and M. C. Whitlock. 1999. Experimental tests of
founder-flush: A reply to Templeton. Evolution
53:1632-1633.
Whitlock,
M. C. and S. P. Otto. 1999. The panda and the phage: Compensatory mutations and
the persistence of small populations. Trends
in Evolution and Ecology 14:293-294.
Fowler,
K., and M. C. Whitlock. 1999. The variance in inbreeding depression and the
recovery of fitness in bottlenecked populations. The Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B,
266:2061-2066.
Whitlock,
M. C. 1999. Neutral additive genetic variance in a metapopulation. Genetical Research 74:215-221.
Phillips,
P. C. , S. P. Otto, and M. C. Whitlock. 2000. Beyond the average: The
evolutionary importance of epistasis and the variability of epistatic effects.
In Wolf, J, E. D. Brodie III, and M. J. Wade, (eds.) Epistasis and the Evolutionary Process.
Oxford Press, Oxford.
Whitlock,
M. C., P. K. Ingvarsson, and T. Hatfield. 2000. Local drift load and the
heterosis of interconnected populations. Heredity
84:452-457.
Ingvarsson,
P. K., and M. C. Whitlock. 2000. Heterosis increases the effective migration
rate. Proceedings of the Royal Society
267: 1321-1326.
Whitlock,
M. C., and P. C. Phillips. 2000. The exquisite corpse: a shifting view of the
shifting balance. Trends in Evolution and
Ecology 15:347-348.
Whitlock,
M. C., and D. Bourguet. 2000. Factors affecting the genetic load in Drosophila:
Synergistic epistasis and correlations among fitness components. Evolution 54: 1654-1660.
Whitlock,
M. C. 2000. Fixation of new alleles and the extinction of small populations:
Drift load, beneficial alleles, and sexual selection. Evolution 54: 1855-1861.
Whitlock,
M. C. 2001. Dispersal and the genetic properties of metapopulations. Pp.
273-282 in Clobert, J., and E. Danchin, (eds.) Dispersal. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Rundle, H.
D., and M. C. Whitlock. 2001. A genetic interpretation of ecological isolation.
Evolution 55: 198-201.
Whitlock,
M. C. 2001. Effective population size.
Encyclopedia of the Human Genome. Nature Publishing Group, London.
Whitlock,
M. C. 2001. Genetic drift. Encyclopedia
of Evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Whitlock,
M. C. 2001. Inbreeding. Encyclopedia of
Evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Whitlock,
M. C., and Y. Michalakis. 2001. Metapopulations. Encyclopedia of Evolution. Oxford University Press,
Oxford.
Whitlock,
M. C. 2001. Shifting balance. Encyclopedia
of Evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Phillips,
P. C., M. C. Whitlock, and K. Fowler. 2001. The shape of the genetic covariance
matrix changes with inbreeding. Genetics.
158: 1137-1145.
Ives, A.
R., and M. C. Whitlock. 2002. Perspective: On inbreeding and metapopulations. Science 295: 454-455.
Whitlock,
M. C. 2002. Selection, load, and inbreeding depression in a large
metapopulation. Genetics.
160: 1191-1202.
Fowler,
K., and M. C. Whitlock. 2002. Environmental stress, inbreeding, and the nature
of phenotypic and genetic variance in Drosophila melanogaster. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B.
269:677-683.
M. C.
Whitlock, Phillips, P. C., and K. Fowler. 2002. Persistence of changes in the
genetic covariance matrix after a bottleneck. Evolution 56:1968-1975.
Whitlock,
M. C. 2003. Fixation probability and time in a metapopulation. Genetics. 164:767-779.
Wang, J.,
and M. C. Whitlock. 2003. Estimating effective population size and migration
rates from genetic samples over space and time. Genetics 163: 429-446.
Whitlock,
M. C. 2003. Selection and drift in metapopulations. In Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution of
Metapopulations. Academic Press, San Diego.
Otto, S.
P. and M. C. Whitlock. 2003. Fixation times and probabilities. Encyclopedia of the Human Genome.
Nature Publishing Group, London.
Davis, B.,
and M. C. Whitlock. 2003. Genetic load. Encyclopedia
of Life Sciences. McMillan Reference Ltd., London.
Whitlock,
M. C., C. K. Griswold, and A. D. Peters. 2003. The critical effective size of a
population with deleterious and compensatory mutations. Annales Zoologici Fennici 40: 169-183.
Bourguet,
D., J. Gair, M. Mattice, and M. C. Whitlock. 2003. Genetic recombination and
adaptation to fluctuating environments: Selection for geotaxis in Drosophila
melanogaster. Heredity
91:78-84.
Otto, S.
P., and M. C. Whitlock. 2003. Problem solved. Science Next Wave.
http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/ full/2003/03/12/1
Peters, A.
D., D. L. Halligan, M. C. Whitlock, and P. D. Keightley. 2003. Dominance and
overdominance of mildly deleterious induced mutations for fitness traits in
Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics
165: 589-599.
J. A. G.M.
de Visser, J. Hermisson, G. P. Wagner, L. W. Ancel, H. Bagheri, J. L.
Blanchard, L. Chao, J. M. Cheverud, S. F. Elena, W. Fontana, G. Gibson, T. F.
Hansen, D. Krakauer, R. C. Lewontin, C. Ofria, S. H. Rice, G. von Dassow, A.
Wagner, and M. C. Whitlock. 2003. Perspective: Evolution and detection of
genetic robustness. Evolution
57:1959-1972.
Griswold,
C. K., and Whitlock, M. C. 2003.The genetics of adaptation: The roles of
pleiotropy, stabilizing selection and drift in shaping the distribution of
bidirectional fixed mutational effects. Genetics
165:2181-2192.
Whitlock,
M. C., and R. BŸrger. 2004. The good, the bad, and the ugly: Fixation of new
mutations in small populations. In Ferriere, R., U. Dieckmann, and D. Couvet,
(eds.) Evolutionary Conservation Biology:
The Genetics of Rarity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Ballard,
J. W. O., and M. C. Whitlock. 2004. The incomplete natural history of the
mitochondria. Molecular Ecology.
13: 729-744.
Whitlock,
M. C. 2005. Combining probability from independent test: The weighted Z method
is superior to Fisher's approach. Journal
of Evolutionary Biology 18:1368-1373.
Whitlock,
M. C. and R. Gomulkiewicz. 2005. Probability of fixation in a heterogeneous
environment. Genetics 171:
1407-1417.
Currat, M.
L. Excoffier, W. Maddison, S. P. Otto, N. Ray, M. C. Whitlock, S. Yeaman. 2006.
Comment on Ongoing adaptive evolution of ASPM, a brain size determinant in Homo sapiens and Microcephalin, a gene
regulating brain size, continues to evolve adaptively in humans. Science 313 (5784):
doi:10.1126/science.1122712 JUL 14 2006.
Dolgin, E.
S., M. C. Whitlock, and A. F. Agrawal. 2006. Male Drosophila melanogaster have higher mating success when
adapted to their thermal environment. Journal
of Evolutionary Biology 19: 1894-1900.
Whitlock,
M. C., B. H. Davis, and S. Yeaman. 2007. The costs and benefits of resource
sharing: reciprocity requires resource heterogeneity. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 20:
1772-1782.
Guillaume,
F., and M. C. Whitlock. 2007. Effects of migration on the genetic covariance
matrix. Evolution 61:
2398--2409.
Whitlock,
M. C. 2008. Founder effects. Encyclopedia
of Islands. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Whitlock,
M. C. 2008. Evolutionary inference from QST. Molecular
Ecology 17:1885-1896.
Davis, B.
H., A. F. Y. Poon, and M. C. Whitlock. 2009. Compensatory mutations are
repeatable and clustered within proteins. Proc.
Roy. Soc., Series B, 276:1823-1827.
Whitlock,
M. C., and A. F. Agrawal. 2009. Purging the genome with sexual selection:
reducing mutation load through selection on males. Evolution 63:569-582.
MacLellan,
K., M. C. Whitlock, and H. D. Rundle. 2009. Sexual selection via variable male
search success. Biology Letters
5:795-797.
Whitlock,
M. C., and F. Guillaume. 2009. Testing for spatially-divergent selection:
Comparing QST to FST. Genetics
183: 1055-1063.
Otto, S.
P., and M. C. Whitlock. 2009. The impact of epistatic selection on the genomic
traces of selection. Molecular Ecology
18:4985-4987.
Whitlock,
M. C., M. A. McPeek, M. D. Rausher, L. Rieseberg, and A. J. Moore. 2010. Data
archiving. American Naturalist
175:145-146.
Correia,
L., S. Yeaman, and M. C. Whitlock. 2010. Local adaptation does not always
predict high mating success. Journal of
Evolutionary Biology 23: 875-878.
Agrawal,
A. F. and M. C. Whitlock. 2010. Environmental duress and epistasis: How does
stress affect the strength of selection on new mutations? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 25:
450-458.
Yeaman,
S., Y. Chen, and Whitlock, M. C. 2010. No effect of environmental heterogeneity
on the maintenance of genetic variation in wing shape in Drosophila
melanogaster. Evolution
64:3398-3408.
Agrawal,
A. F., and M. C. Whitlock. 2011. Inferences about the distribution of dominance
drawn from yeast gene knockout data. Genetics
187: 553 - 566.
Whitlock,
M. C. 2011. G'ST and D do not replace FST. Molecular Ecology 20: 1083–1091.
Whitlock,
M. C. 2011. Data archiving in ecology and evolution: Best Practices. In press, Trends in Ecology and Evolution 26:61-65..
Yeaman, S. and M. C. Whitlock. 2011.The genetic
architecture of adaptation under migration-selection balance. Evolution 65:1897-1911.
Piwowar,
H. A., T. J. Vision, and M. C. Whitlock. 2011. Data archiving is a good
investment. Nature 473:285.
Whitlock,
M.C. and B. Davis. (July 2011) Genetic Load. In: eLS 2011, John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd: Chichester http://www.els.net/ [DOI:
10.1002/9780470015902.a0001787.pub2]